X

Track changes made to this page

If you find this page useful and would like to be notified of changes made to this page, start by inputting your email below.



Privacy policy
Close this window

powered by ChangeDetection

Difference between revisions of "34-167-64365"

m
 
m
 
(6 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
__TOC__
+
__TOC__
 
== Well Details ==
 
== Well Details ==
 
{| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%"
 
| Well ID: 34-167-64365
 
| Well ID: 34-167-64365
−
| style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan="15" | {{#display_map: 39.3502947623, -81.3426684654 | width=100% | height=100% }}
+
| style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan="17" | {{#display_map: 39.35, -81.34 | width=100% | height=100% }}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| County:
+
| Country: United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Municipality:
+
| State: Ohio
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Operator Name:
+
| County: [[Washington_County,_Ohio|Washington]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Well Pad ID:
+
| Municipality: [[Newport_Township,_Washington_County,_Ohio|Newport Township]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Farm/Lease Name:
+
| Operator Name: [[SHELLY MATERIALS INC]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| First Permit Date:
+
| Well Pad ID:  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Last Permit Date:
+
| Farm/Lease Name: PRICE FRED
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Spud Date:
+
| License Status: Plugged and Abandoned
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Unconventional:
+
| License Date: 2010-08-31
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Horizontal:
+
| Spud Date:  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Producing: No
+
| Spud Drilling Contractor:  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Violations: 0
+
| Final Drill Date:  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Latitude: 39.3502947623
+
| Well Total Depth:  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Longitude: -81.3426684654
+
| Configuration: Vertical
 
|-
 
|-
 +
| Latitude: 39.350000
 +
|-
 +
| Longitude: -81.340000
 
|}
 
|}
−
== Production Data ==
+
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - Well, tblLocational, tblPlugWell, tblInspection, tblCivilTownships and tblPad Tables
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date =  2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
== Well History ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
−
!scope="col" | PERIOD
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Well Status
−
!scope="col" | GAS QUANTITY
+
!scope="col" style="width: 15%;text-align: center"| Well Status Date
−
!scope="col" | GAS PRODUCTION DAYS
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Comment
−
!scope="col" | CONDENSATE QUANTITY
+
|-
−
!scope="col" | CONDENSATE PRODUCTION DAYS
+
| Change of Owner
−
!scope="col" | OIL QUANTITY
+
| 2010-08-11
−
!scope="col" | OIL PRODUCTION DAYS
+
| Operator changed from 9999, UNKNOWN OWNER to 7061, SHELLY MATERIALS INC
 +
|-
 +
| Oil and Gas
 +
| 2010-08-11
 +
| CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010.  SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING.  RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT.  WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN.  SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED.  OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE AOBUT THE WELL.  OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB
 +
|-
 +
| Plugged/Abandoned
 +
| 2010-08-13
 +
| CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010.  SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING.  RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT.  WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN.  SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED.  OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE ABOUUT THE WELL.  OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB
 +
|-
 +
| APP
 +
| 2010-08-31
 +
| Proposed Formations:, Issued Date:8/31/2010, Expired Date:8/30/2012 12:00:00 PM, Drilling unit acres:0, Proposed Well Type:OG, Proposed Well Class:
 +
|-
 +
| Construction Permit Expires
 +
| 2012-08-30
 +
| CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010.  SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING.  RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT.  WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN.  SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED.  OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE ABOUUT THE WELL.  OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB
 +
|-
 +
| Record Last Modified
 +
| 2019-06-14
 +
| CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010.  SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING.  RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT.  WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN.  SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED.  OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE ABOUUT THE WELL.  OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB
 +
|-
 
|}
 
|}
−
== Waste Data ==
+
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - Well and WellHistry Tables
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date = 2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
<!--== Perforation Treatments ==
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Perforation Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Interval Top (ft)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Interval Base (ft)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Number of Shots
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
<!--== Fracking Activities ==
 +
==== Fracking Jobs ====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Number
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Start Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job End Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| True Vertical Depth (ft)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Total Water Volume (gal)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Total Non-Water Volume (gal)
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
<!--==== Fluid Composition Data ====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Number
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Trade Name
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Supplier
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Purpose
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Ingredient Name
 +
!scope="col" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: center"| CAS Number
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Additive Percentage by Mass
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Percentage by Mass
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Mass Used (lb)
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
<!--== Stimulations Data ==
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Stimulation Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Chemical Agent
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Chemical Agent Concentration (%)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Fracking Fluid Volume
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Mass of Proppant Used (lb)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Fracking Company
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Comments
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
<!--== Production Data ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
−
!scope="col" | PERIOD
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Period
−
!scope="col" | TYPE
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Operator Name
−
!scope="col" | QUANTITY
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Gas Quantity (mcf)
−
!scope="col" | UNITS
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Oil Quantity (bbl)
−
!scope="col" | DISPOSAL METHOD
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Production Days
−
!scope="col" | WASTE FACILITY PERMIT ID
+
|-
−
!scope="col" | WASTE FACILITY NAME
+
|}-->
−
!scope="col" | FACILITY CITY
+
<!--== Waste Data ==
−
!scope="col" | FACILITY STATE
+
{| class="wikitable sortable"
−
|}
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Period
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Operator Name
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Waste Type
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Quantity (bbl)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Production Days
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 
== Inspection Data ==
 
== Inspection Data ==
 +
==== Inspections Performed ====
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
−
!scope="col" | INSPECTION ID
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection ID
−
!scope="col" | DATE
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Date
−
!scope="col" | DESCRIPTION
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Type
−
!scope="col" | COMMENT
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Result
−
!scope="col" | VIOLATION ID
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Comments
−
!scope="col" | VIOLATION CODE
 
−
!scope="col" | VIOLATION_COMMENT
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| -1981281196
 
| -1981281196
−
| 2010-04-19
+
| 2010-4-19 0:00:
−
|
+
| OR
−
| Inspection this day due to complaint by Shelly Materials - found old well they need to mine thru.  Casing appears to be 10", standing about ground about 1', fluid level is 20-30' down, can't tell if water or oil when drop rock.  Larry from Shelly will run a rope down to see what fluids come out of hole, then will let me know.  State records show it is old, plugged well and will try and find out more information on the well on our end.  They will probably plug it themselves rather than go thru orphan program.  Contact person is Kevin Cooperwriter at 740-246-1154.
+
| No Violations
−
|
+
| 0.60
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| -2135751942
 
| -2135751942
−
| 2010-06-10
+
| 2010-6-10 0:00:
−
|
+
| OR
−
| Inspection this day with Brian Haught and John Miller to discuss well needing plugged/replugged for Shelly Materials.  Ran tape with weight on end down, hitting some resistance at 125', then falling to end of tape which was 300'.  Still have not hit bottom.  Shelly has cut surface casing down to working level, needing well fixed so they can mine thru.  Top Drilling will bring rig back and run in hole to see what we can find.  Will make plan from there.
+
| No Violations
−
|
+
| 1.00
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 +
| -665582739
 +
| 2010-7-16 0:00:
 +
| PB
 +
| No Violations
 +
| 2.50
 
|-
 
|-
−
| -665582739
+
| 0665582739
 
| 2010-07-16
 
| 2010-07-16
−
|
+
| Plug / Plug Back
−
| Inspection this day due to service rig - Top Drilling - could only get down 115' after reaching a depth of 300' with measuring tape and weight.  Full of fresh water but status of well is unknown, Shelly mining thru area and want to make sure it is plugged, operator feels he was touching mud this day, but with bring bigger rig and power swivel and drill out for awhile to determine more about the well.  Permit has been filed this next day or 2.
+
| No Violations
−
|
+
| Inspection this day due to service rig - Top Drilling - could only get down 115 after reaching a depth of 300 with measuring tape and weight.  Full of fresh water but status of well is unknown, Shelly mining thru area and want to make sure it is plugged, operator feels he was touching mud this day, but with bring bigger rig and power swivel and drill out for awhile to determine more about the well.  Permit has been filed this next day or 2.
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 1354044997
 
| 1354044997
 
| 2012-11-27
 
| 2012-11-27
−
|
+
| Plug / Plug Back
−
| Shelly Materials uncovered an old well while mining sand and gravel and wanted me to GPS it to make sure that it was this well and not another well that they didn't know about.  GPS coordinates are very close and feel certain this new-found well is the same one plugged in 2010.
+
| No Violations
−
|
+
| Shelly Materials uncovered an old well while mining sand and gravel and wanted me to GPS it to make sure that it was this well and not another well that they didnt know about.  GPS coordinates are very close and feel certain this new-found well is the same one plugged in 2010.
−
|
+
|-
−
|
+
| 1981281196
 +
| 2010-04-19
 +
| Orphan
 +
| No Violations
 +
| Inspection this day due to complaint by Shelly Materials - found old well they need to mine thru.  Casing appears to be 10, standing about ground about 1, fluid level is 20-30 down, cant tell if water or oil when drop rock.  Larry from Shelly will run a rope down to see what fluids come out of hole, then will let me know.  State records show it is old, plugged well and will try and find out more information on the well on our end.  They will probably plug it themselves rather than go thru orphan program.  Contact person is Kevin Cooperwriter at 740-246-1154.
 +
|-
 +
| 2135751942
 +
| 2010-06-10
 +
| Orphan
 +
| No Violations
 +
| Inspection this day with Brian Haught and John Miller to discuss well needing plugged/replugged for Shelly Materials.  Ran tape with weight on end down, hitting some resistance at 125, then falling to end of tape which was 300.  Still have not hit bottom.  Shelly has cut surface casing down to working level, needing well fixed so they can mine thru.  Top Drilling will bring rig back and run in hole to see what we can find.  Will make plan from there.
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
<!--==== Violations Commited ====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection ID
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation ID
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation Code
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation Comments
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - tblInspection, tblInspFail and tblinspFlDesc Tables
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date =  2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
==References==
 +
<references/>
 
__NOEDITSECTION__
 
__NOEDITSECTION__
−
[[Category:Wells]]
+
[[Category:Ohio Wells]]

Latest revision as of 23:15, 11 January 2021

Well Details

Well ID: 34-167-64365
Loading map...
Country: United States
State: Ohio
County: Washington
Municipality: Newport Township
Operator Name: SHELLY MATERIALS INC
Well Pad ID:
Farm/Lease Name: PRICE FRED
License Status: Plugged and Abandoned
License Date: 2010-08-31
Spud Date:
Spud Drilling Contractor:
Final Drill Date:
Well Total Depth:
Configuration: Vertical
Latitude: 39.350000
Longitude: -81.340000

For data sources see[1]

Well History

Well Status Well Status Date Comment
Change of Owner 2010-08-11 Operator changed from 9999, UNKNOWN OWNER to 7061, SHELLY MATERIALS INC
Oil and Gas 2010-08-11 CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010. SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING. RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT. WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN. SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED. OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE AOBUT THE WELL. OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB
Plugged/Abandoned 2010-08-13 CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010. SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING. RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT. WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN. SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED. OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE ABOUUT THE WELL. OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB
APP 2010-08-31 Proposed Formations:, Issued Date:8/31/2010, Expired Date:8/30/2012 12:00:00 PM, Drilling unit acres:0, Proposed Well Type:OG, Proposed Well Class:
Construction Permit Expires 2012-08-30 CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010. SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING. RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT. WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN. SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED. OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE ABOUUT THE WELL. OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB
Record Last Modified 2019-06-14 CINDY VAN DYKE INSPECTED WELL 7/16/2010. SHE PERFORMED INSPECTION DUE TO THERE BEING A SERVICE RIG FROM TOP DRILLING. RIG COULD ONLY GET DOWN 115 FEET AFTER REACHING A DEPTH OF 300 FEET WITH MEASURING TAP AND WEIGHT. WELL IS FULL OF FRESH WATER, BUT WELL STATUS IS UNKNOWN. SHELLY MATERIALS IS MINING THROUGH AREA AND WANT TO MAKE SURE IT IS PLUGGED. OPERATOR FEELS HE WAS TOUCHING MUD TODAY BUT WILL NEED A TO BRING A BIGGER RIG AND POWER SWIVEL AND DRILL TO DETERMINE MORE ABOUUT THE WELL. OFG MAP SHOWS DRY HOLE APPROXIMATELY IN THIS LOCATION. KB

For data sources see[2]

Inspection Data

Inspections Performed

Inspection ID Inspection Date Inspection Type Inspection Result Inspection Comments
-1981281196 2010-4-19 0:00: OR No Violations 0.60
-2135751942 2010-6-10 0:00: OR No Violations 1.00
-665582739 2010-7-16 0:00: PB No Violations 2.50
0665582739 2010-07-16 Plug / Plug Back No Violations Inspection this day due to service rig - Top Drilling - could only get down 115 after reaching a depth of 300 with measuring tape and weight. Full of fresh water but status of well is unknown, Shelly mining thru area and want to make sure it is plugged, operator feels he was touching mud this day, but with bring bigger rig and power swivel and drill out for awhile to determine more about the well. Permit has been filed this next day or 2.
1354044997 2012-11-27 Plug / Plug Back No Violations Shelly Materials uncovered an old well while mining sand and gravel and wanted me to GPS it to make sure that it was this well and not another well that they didnt know about. GPS coordinates are very close and feel certain this new-found well is the same one plugged in 2010.
1981281196 2010-04-19 Orphan No Violations Inspection this day due to complaint by Shelly Materials - found old well they need to mine thru. Casing appears to be 10, standing about ground about 1, fluid level is 20-30 down, cant tell if water or oil when drop rock. Larry from Shelly will run a rope down to see what fluids come out of hole, then will let me know. State records show it is old, plugged well and will try and find out more information on the well on our end. They will probably plug it themselves rather than go thru orphan program. Contact person is Kevin Cooperwriter at 740-246-1154.
2135751942 2010-06-10 Orphan No Violations Inspection this day with Brian Haught and John Miller to discuss well needing plugged/replugged for Shelly Materials. Ran tape with weight on end down, hitting some resistance at 125, then falling to end of tape which was 300. Still have not hit bottom. Shelly has cut surface casing down to working level, needing well fixed so they can mine thru. Top Drilling will bring rig back and run in hole to see what we can find. Will make plan from there.

For data sources see[3]

References

  1. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - Well, tblLocational, tblPlugWell, tblInspection, tblCivilTownships and tblPad Tables". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  2. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - Well and WellHistry Tables". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  3. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - tblInspection, tblInspFail and tblinspFlDesc Tables". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
Retrieved from "https://wellwiki-prod.cloud.arc.gwu.edu/index.php?title=34-167-64365&oldid=14096434"