X

Track changes made to this page

If you find this page useful and would like to be notified of changes made to this page, start by inputting your email below.



Privacy policy
Close this window

powered by ChangeDetection

Difference between revisions of "34-089-24833"

m
 
m
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
__TOC__
+
__TOC__
 
== Well Details ==
 
== Well Details ==
 
{| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%"
 
| Well ID: 34-089-24833
 
| Well ID: 34-089-24833
−
| style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan="15" | {{#display_map: 39.9720192228, -82.2752734534 | width=100% | height=100% }}
+
| style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan="17" | {{#display_map: 39.97, -82.27 | width=100% | height=100% }}
 
|-
 
|-
−
| County:
+
| Country: United States
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Municipality:
+
| State: Ohio
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Operator Name:
+
| County: [[Licking_County,_Ohio|Licking]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Well Pad ID:
+
| Municipality: [[Hopewell_Township,_Licking_County,_Ohio|Hopewell Township]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Farm/Lease Name:
+
| Operator Name: [[NGO DEVELOPMENT CORP.]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| First Permit Date:
+
| Well Pad ID:  
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Last Permit Date:
+
| Farm/Lease Name: GRAFT
 +
|-
 +
| License Status: Plugged and Abandoned
 +
|-
 +
| License Date: 2005-07-06
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Spud Date: 1983-11-19
 
| Spud Date: 1983-11-19
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Unconventional:
+
| Spud Drilling Contractor: [[MERIDIAN DRLG]]
 +
|-
 +
| Final Drill Date: 1983-12-23
 +
|-
 +
| Well Total Depth: 3173.00 ft
 +
|-
 +
| Configuration: Vertical
 +
|-
 +
| Latitude: 39.970000
 +
|-
 +
| Longitude: -82.270000
 +
|}
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - Well, tblLocational, tblPlugWell, tblInspection, tblCivilTownships and tblPad Tables
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date =  2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
== Well History ==
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Well Status
 +
!scope="col" style="width: 15%;text-align: center"| Well Status Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Comment
 +
|-
 +
| Oil and Gas
 +
| 1983-10-11
 +
| Issued Date 10/11/83 Expired Date 4/8/84 Acres 0097000 Tool Type CT Proposed Formation CLINTON Proposed Depth 03173 Proposed Drill Depth 03173
 +
|-
 +
| Original Spud
 +
| 1983-11-19
 +
| 
 +
|-
 +
| Completed
 +
| 1983-12-23
 +
| 
 +
|-
 +
| Reached Total Depth
 +
| 1983-12-23
 +
| 
 +
|-
 +
| CO
 +
| 1984-01-12
 +
| 642  LOTHES OIL & GAS INC  GeoDate  10/11/83
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Horizontal:
+
| Completion Report Received
 +
| 1984-02-06
 +
| 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Producing: No
+
| APP
 +
| 2005-07-06
 +
| Proposed Formations:CLINTON, Issued Date:7/6/2005, Expired Date:7/6/2006 6:00:00 AM, Drilling unit acres:97, Proposed Well Type:OG, Proposed Well Class:
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Violations: 0
+
| Plugged/Abandoned
 +
| 2005-12-19
 +
| 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Latitude: 39.9720192228
+
| Construction Permit Expires
 +
| 2006-07-06
 +
| 
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Longitude: -82.2752734534
+
| Record Last Modified
 +
| 2017-02-15
 +
| 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - Well and WellHistry Tables
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date = 2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
<!--== Perforation Treatments ==
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Perforation Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Interval Top (ft)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Interval Base (ft)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Number of Shots
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
<!--== Fracking Activities ==
 +
==== Fracking Jobs ====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Number
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Start Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job End Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| True Vertical Depth (ft)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Total Water Volume (gal)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Total Non-Water Volume (gal)
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
<!--==== Fluid Composition Data ====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Number
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Trade Name
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Supplier
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Purpose
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Ingredient Name
 +
!scope="col" style="white-space: nowrap;text-align: center"| CAS Number
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Additive Percentage by Mass
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Job Percentage by Mass
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Mass Used (lb)
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
== Stimulations Data ==
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Stimulation Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Chemical Agent
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Chemical Agent Concentration (%)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Fracking Fluid Volume
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Mass of Proppant Used (lb)
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Fracking Company
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Comments
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| Not Treated
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1 Tons
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
|
 +
| ROCK SALT
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| ACID
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 250 Gal
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
| H2O
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1650 Bbl
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 50000
 +
|
 +
| FRAC: WATER, SAND
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - tblStimulation Table
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date =  2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 
== Production Data ==
 
== Production Data ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
−
!scope="col" | PERIOD
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Period
−
!scope="col" | GAS QUANTITY
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Operator Name
−
!scope="col" | GAS PRODUCTION DAYS
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Gas Quantity (mcf)
−
!scope="col" | CONDENSATE QUANTITY
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Oil Quantity (bbl)
−
!scope="col" | CONDENSATE PRODUCTION DAYS
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Production Days
−
!scope="col" | OIL QUANTITY
+
|-
−
!scope="col" | OIL PRODUCTION DAYS
+
| 1984
 +
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 2242.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 3402.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
|-
 +
| 1986
 +
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1760.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1045.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1987
 +
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1404.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 891.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1988
 +
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1523.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 752.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 275
 +
|-
 +
| 1990
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1536.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 482.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1991
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1416.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 428.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1992
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 1084.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 408.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1993
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 845.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 297.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1994
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 445.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 212.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1995
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 349.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 291.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1996
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 224.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1997
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 124.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1998
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.00
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 135
 +
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - Production Table - Oil and Gas Data
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date =  2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Combined Production - Oil and Gas Data
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date = 2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 
== Waste Data ==
 
== Waste Data ==
−
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
+
{| class="wikitable sortable"
−
!scope="col" | PERIOD
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Period
−
!scope="col" | TYPE
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Operator Name
−
!scope="col" | QUANTITY
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Waste Type
−
!scope="col" | UNITS
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Quantity (bbl)
−
!scope="col" | DISPOSAL METHOD
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Production Days
−
!scope="col" | WASTE FACILITY PERMIT ID
+
|-
−
!scope="col" | WASTE FACILITY NAME
+
| 1984
−
!scope="col" | FACILITY CITY
+
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
−
!scope="col" | FACILITY STATE
+
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 +
|-
 +
| 1986
 +
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 445
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1987
 +
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 255
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1988
 +
| [[McCLAIN OIL CO]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 450
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 275
 +
|-
 +
| 1990
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 260
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1991
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 295
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1992
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 340
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1993
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 75
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1994
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 220
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1995
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 265
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1996
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 710
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1997
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 540
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 365
 +
|-
 +
| 1998
 +
| [[LOTHES JOHN W]]
 +
| Brine
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 295
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 135
 +
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - Production Table - Brine Data
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date =  2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Combined Production - Brine Data
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date = 2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 
== Inspection Data ==
 
== Inspection Data ==
 +
==== Inspections Performed ====
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
−
!scope="col" | INSPECTION ID
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection ID
−
!scope="col" | DATE
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Date
−
!scope="col" | DESCRIPTION
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Type
−
!scope="col" | COMMENT
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Result
−
!scope="col" | VIOLATION ID
+
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection Comments
−
!scope="col" | VIOLATION CODE
 
−
!scope="col" | VIOLATION_COMMENT
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| -1883311988
 
| -1883311988
 +
| 2012-2-6 0:00:0
 +
| FR
 +
| No Violations
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
| 000PL13747
 +
|
 +
| Preliminary Restoration
 +
| No Violations
 +
| Preliminary Restoration  done information from Data Point
 +
|-
 +
| 1883311988
 
| 2012-02-06
 
| 2012-02-06
−
|
+
| Final Restoration
−
| During my inspection I completed a final restoration status check and found the well location had established vegetation in a wooded area. There was 1 joint of 2" metal gas line about 200 feet from the well location. Restoration is not finished.
+
| No Violations
−
|
+
| During my inspection I completed a final restoration status check and found the well location had established vegetation in a wooded area. There was 1 joint of 2 metal gas line about 200 feet from the well location. Restoration is not finished.
−
|
 
−
|
 
−
|-
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
| PL13747
 
| PL13747
−
|
+
|  
−
|
+
| PL
−
| Preliminary Restoration  done information from Data Point
+
| No Violations
−
|
+
|  
−
|
 
−
|
 
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
 +
<!--==== Violations Commited ====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Inspection ID
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation ID
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation Date
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation Code
 +
!scope="col" style="text-align: center"| Violation Comments
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = Risk Based Data Management System - tblInspection, tblInspFail and tblinspFlDesc Tables
 +
|publisher = [[Ohio Department of Natural Resources]]
 +
| date =  2020-11-16
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Ohio_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-11-16 }}</ref>
 +
==References==
 +
<references/>
 
__NOEDITSECTION__
 
__NOEDITSECTION__
−
[[Category:Wells]]
+
[[Category:Ohio Wells]]

Latest revision as of 03:37, 12 January 2021

Well Details

Well ID: 34-089-24833
Loading map...
Country: United States
State: Ohio
County: Licking
Municipality: Hopewell Township
Operator Name: NGO DEVELOPMENT CORP.
Well Pad ID:
Farm/Lease Name: GRAFT
License Status: Plugged and Abandoned
License Date: 2005-07-06
Spud Date: 1983-11-19
Spud Drilling Contractor: MERIDIAN DRLG
Final Drill Date: 1983-12-23
Well Total Depth: 3173.00 ft
Configuration: Vertical
Latitude: 39.970000
Longitude: -82.270000

For data sources see[1]

Well History

Well Status Well Status Date Comment
Oil and Gas 1983-10-11 Issued Date 10/11/83 Expired Date 4/8/84 Acres 0097000 Tool Type CT Proposed Formation CLINTON Proposed Depth 03173 Proposed Drill Depth 03173
Original Spud 1983-11-19
Completed 1983-12-23
Reached Total Depth 1983-12-23
CO 1984-01-12 642 LOTHES OIL & GAS INC GeoDate 10/11/83
Completion Report Received 1984-02-06
APP 2005-07-06 Proposed Formations:CLINTON, Issued Date:7/6/2005, Expired Date:7/6/2006 6:00:00 AM, Drilling unit acres:97, Proposed Well Type:OG, Proposed Well Class:
Plugged/Abandoned 2005-12-19
Construction Permit Expires 2006-07-06
Record Last Modified 2017-02-15

For data sources see[2]

Stimulations Data

Stimulation Date Chemical Agent Chemical Agent Concentration (%) Fracking Fluid Volume Mass of Proppant Used (lb) Fracking Company Comments
Not Treated 0 1 Tons 0 ROCK SALT
ACID 0 250 Gal 0
H2O 0 1650 Bbl 50000 FRAC: WATER, SAND

For data sources see[3]

Production Data

Period Operator Name Gas Quantity (mcf) Oil Quantity (bbl) Production Days
1984 McCLAIN OIL CO 2242.00 3402.00 0
1986 McCLAIN OIL CO 1760.00 1045.00 365
1987 McCLAIN OIL CO 1404.00 891.00 365
1988 McCLAIN OIL CO 1523.00 752.00 275
1990 LOTHES JOHN W 1536.00 482.00 365
1991 LOTHES JOHN W 1416.00 428.00 365
1992 LOTHES JOHN W 1084.00 408.00 365
1993 LOTHES JOHN W 845.00 297.00 365
1994 LOTHES JOHN W 445.00 212.00 365
1995 LOTHES JOHN W 349.00 291.00 365
1996 LOTHES JOHN W 0.00 224.00 365
1997 LOTHES JOHN W 0.00 124.00 365
1998 LOTHES JOHN W 0.00 0.00 135

For data sources see[4] [5]

Waste Data

Period Operator Name Waste Type Quantity (bbl) Production Days
1984 McCLAIN OIL CO Brine 0 0
1986 McCLAIN OIL CO Brine 445 365
1987 McCLAIN OIL CO Brine 255 365
1988 McCLAIN OIL CO Brine 450 275
1990 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 260 365
1991 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 295 365
1992 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 340 365
1993 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 75 365
1994 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 220 365
1995 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 265 365
1996 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 710 365
1997 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 540 365
1998 LOTHES JOHN W Brine 295 135

For data sources see[6] [7]

Inspection Data

Inspections Performed

Inspection ID Inspection Date Inspection Type Inspection Result Inspection Comments
-1883311988 2012-2-6 0:00:0 FR No Violations
000PL13747 Preliminary Restoration No Violations Preliminary Restoration done information from Data Point
1883311988 2012-02-06 Final Restoration No Violations During my inspection I completed a final restoration status check and found the well location had established vegetation in a wooded area. There was 1 joint of 2 metal gas line about 200 feet from the well location. Restoration is not finished.
PL13747 PL No Violations

For data sources see[8]

References

  1. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - Well, tblLocational, tblPlugWell, tblInspection, tblCivilTownships and tblPad Tables". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  2. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - Well and WellHistry Tables". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  3. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - tblStimulation Table". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  4. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - Production Table - Oil and Gas Data". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  5. ↑ "Combined Production - Oil and Gas Data". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  6. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - Production Table - Brine Data". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  7. ↑ "Combined Production - Brine Data". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
  8. ↑ "Risk Based Data Management System - tblInspection, tblInspFail and tblinspFlDesc Tables". Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2020-11-16. 
Retrieved from "https://wellwiki-prod.cloud.arc.gwu.edu/index.php?title=34-089-24833&oldid=14139024"