X

Track changes made to this page

If you find this page useful and would like to be notified of changes made to this page, start by inputting your email below.



Privacy policy
Close this window

powered by ChangeDetection

Difference between revisions of "0475123303000"

m
m
 
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
Line 3: Line 3:
 
{| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%"
 
| Well ID: 0475123303000
 
| Well ID: 0475123303000
−
| style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan="14" | {{#display_map: 53.105532, -115.69817 | width=100% | height=100% }}
+
| style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan="21" | {{#display_map: 53.105532, -115.698170 | width=100% | height=100% }}
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Location: 00/03-33-047-12W5/0
 
| Location: 00/03-33-047-12W5/0
Line 10: Line 10:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Location Alias 2: 00/03-33-047-12 W5/00
 
| Location Alias 2: 00/03-33-047-12 W5/00
 +
|-
 +
| Country: Canada
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Province: Alberta
 
| Province: Alberta
 +
|-
 +
| Township: 047
 +
|-
 +
| Meridian: 5
 +
|-
 +
| Range: 12
 +
|-
 +
| Section: 33
 
|-
 
|-
 
| County/Municipality: [[Yellowhead County,_Alberta|Yellowhead County]]
 
| County/Municipality: [[Yellowhead County,_Alberta|Yellowhead County]]
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Well Name: VELVET ET AL HZ BRAZR 3-33-47-12
+
| Well Name: MANCAL BRAZR 3-33-47-12
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Operator Name: [[Velvet Energy Ltd.]]
+
| Operator Name: [[Mancal Energy Inc.]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
| License Number: 0425877
 
| License Number: 0425877
Line 29: Line 39:
 
| Final Drill Date: 2011-01-26
 
| Final Drill Date: 2011-01-26
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Well Total Depth: 3653 m
+
| Well Total Depth: 3653.00 m
 
|-
 
|-
 
| Surface Hole Latitude: 53.105532
 
| Surface Hole Latitude: 53.105532
 
|-
 
|-
−
| Surface Hole Longitude: -115.69817
+
| Surface Hole Longitude: -115.698170
 
|}
 
|}
 
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Licensing Data
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Licensing Data
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
−
| date = 2018-05-09
+
| date = 2020-04-22
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
−
  | accessdate = 2018-05-14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
+
  | accessdate = 2020-05-07 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Drilling Data
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Drilling Data
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
−
| date = 2018-05-09
+
| date = 2020-04-22
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
−
  | accessdate = 2018-05-14 }}</ref>
+
  | accessdate = 2020-05-07 }}</ref>
 +
== Well History ==
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" | Date
 +
!scope="col" | Event
 +
|-
 +
| 2010-11-17
 +
| Obtained License
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-02
 +
| Surface Casing Operation Performed
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-06
 +
| Direction Drilling Operation Performed - Horizontal
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-13
 +
| Intermediate Casing Operation Performed
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-26
 +
| Finished Drilling
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-26
 +
| Well Log Performed
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-26
 +
| Well Mode changed to Drilled and Cased
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-27
 +
| Liner Casing Operation Performed
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-27
 +
| Perforation Treatment Performed - Open-Hole Completion
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-01-29
 +
| Rig Released
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-02-16
 +
| Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-02-17
 +
| Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-02-18
 +
| Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-02-19
 +
| Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-02-20
 +
| Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-02-21
 +
| Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-03-06
 +
| Well Began Production
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-03-06
 +
| Well Fluid changed to Gas
 +
|-
 +
| 2011-03-06
 +
| Well Mode changed to Flowing
 +
|-
 +
| 2015-05-01
 +
| Well Fluid changed to Gas
 +
|-
 +
| 2015-05-01
 +
| Well Mode changed to Pumping
 +
|-
 +
| 2019-01-01
 +
| Well Fluid changed to Gas
 +
|-
 +
| 2019-01-01
 +
| Well Mode changed to Suspended
 +
|-
 +
|}
 +
For data sources see<ref>{{cite web
 +
| title = General Well Data File
 +
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
 +
| date = 2020-04-22
 +
| url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 +
| accessdate = 2020-04-29 }}</ref>
 
<!--== Spud Table ==
 
<!--== Spud Table ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
Line 63: Line 154:
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2011-01-06
 
| 2011-01-06
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2058
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2058.40
 
| Horizontal
 
| Horizontal
 
|-
 
|-
Line 70: Line 161:
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Tour-Direction Drilling Data
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Tour-Direction Drilling Data
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
−
| date = 2018-05-09
+
| date = 2020-04-22
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
−
  | accessdate = 2018-05-14 }}</ref>
+
  | accessdate = 2020-05-07 }}</ref>
 
== Perforation Treatments ==
 
== Perforation Treatments ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
Line 83: Line 174:
 
| 2011-01-27
 
| 2011-01-27
 
| Open Hole/Barefoot Completion
 
| Open Hole/Barefoot Completion
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3639
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3639.00
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3653
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3653.00
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-16
+
| 2011-02-20
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3600.9
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2939.00
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3602.9
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2940.00
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-17
+
| 2011-02-21
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3500.7
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2865.10
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3501.7
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2866.10
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-17
+
| 2011-02-21
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3427.1
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2779.40
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3428.1
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2780.40
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-18
+
| 2011-02-21
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3365.3
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2693.20
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3366.3
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2694.20
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-19
+
| 2011-02-21
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3291.2
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2617.80
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3292.2
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2618.80
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-20
+
| 2011-02-21
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3194.5
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2542.00
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3195.5
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 2543.00
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-20
+
| 2011-02-16
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3098
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3600.90
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3099
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3602.90
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-20
+
| 2011-02-17
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3024
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3500.70
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 3025
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3501.70
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-20
+
| 2011-02-17
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2939
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3427.10
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2940
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3428.10
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-21
+
| 2011-02-18
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2865.1
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3365.30
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2866.1
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3366.30
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-21
+
| 2011-02-19
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2779.4
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3291.20
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2780.4
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3292.20
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-21
+
| 2011-02-20
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2693.2
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3194.50
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2694.2
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3195.50
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-21
+
| 2011-02-20
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2617.8
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3098.00
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2618.8
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3099.00
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
−
| 2011-02-21
+
| 2011-02-20
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
 
| Multi-Stage Fracture
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2542
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3024.00
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2543
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 3025.00
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0
 
|-
 
|-
Line 175: Line 266:
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Tour-Perforation/Treatment Data
 
  | title = General Well Data File - Tour-Perforation/Treatment Data
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
−
| date = 2018-05-09
+
| date = 2020-04-22
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
−
  | accessdate = 2018-05-14 }}</ref>
+
  | accessdate = 2020-05-07 }}</ref>
 
<!--== Fracking Activities ==
 
<!--== Fracking Activities ==
 +
==== Fracking Jobs ====
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
−
!scope="col" | Start Date
+
!scope="col" | Job Number
−
!scope="col" | End Date
+
!scope="col" | Job Start Date
−
!scope="col" | Chemical Name
+
!scope="col" | Job End Date
−
!scope="col" style="text-align: right;" | CAS Number
+
!scope="col" | True Vertical Depth (ft)
 +
!scope="col" | Total Water Volume (gal)
 +
!scope="col" | Total Non-Water Volume (gal)
 +
|-
 +
|}-->
 +
<!--==== Fluid Composition Data ====
 +
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 +
!scope="col" | Job Number
 +
!scope="col" | Trade Name
 +
!scope="col" | Supplier
 
!scope="col" | Purpose
 
!scope="col" | Purpose
−
!scope="col" style="text-align: right;" | Job Percentage
+
!scope="col" | Ingredient Name
−
!scope="col" | Supplier
+
!scope="col" | CAS Number
 +
!scope="col" | Additive Percentage by Mass
 +
!scope="col" | Job Percentage by Mass
 +
!scope="col" | Mass Used (lb)
 +
|-
 
|}-->
 
|}-->
  
Line 208: Line 313:
 
| 2011
 
| 2011
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 6988
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 6988
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 5254.9
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 1318.1
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2012
 
| 2012
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8783
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8783
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 2099.2
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 991.2
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2013
 
| 2013
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8735
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8735
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 1490.0
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 777.1
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2014
 
| 2014
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8086
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8086
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 1095.1
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 675.9
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2015
 
| 2015
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8418
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8418
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 1033.9
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 677.4
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2016
 
| 2016
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8496
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8496
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 691.2
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 470.0
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2017
 
| 2017
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8687
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8687
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 645.5
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 360.5
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
| 2018
 
| 2018
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8447
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 8447
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 493.5
 
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
−
| style="text-align: right;" | 324.5
+
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 +
| style="text-align: right;" | 0.0
 
|-
 
|-
 
|}
 
|}
Line 258: Line 363:
 
  | title = Well Production Data - All Alberta
 
  | title = Well Production Data - All Alberta
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
 
|publisher = [[Alberta Energy Regulator]]
−
| date = 2018-04-24
+
| date = 2020-04-25
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
 
  | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Alberta_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources
−
  | accessdate = 2018-05-14 }}</ref>
+
  | accessdate = 2020-05-07 }}</ref>
 
<!--== Occurences ==
 
<!--== Occurences ==
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
 
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%"
Line 273: Line 378:
 
<references/>
 
<references/>
 
__NOEDITSECTION__
 
__NOEDITSECTION__
−
[[Category:Alberta]][[Category:Wells]]
+
[[Category:Alberta Wells]]

Latest revision as of 15:32, 18 January 2021

Well Details

Well ID: 0475123303000
Loading map...
Location: 00/03-33-047-12W5/0
Location Alias: 00/03-33-47-12 W5M
Location Alias 2: 00/03-33-047-12 W5/00
Country: Canada
Province: Alberta
Township: 047
Meridian: 5
Range: 12
Section: 33
County/Municipality: Yellowhead County
Well Name: MANCAL BRAZR 3-33-47-12
Operator Name: Mancal Energy Inc.
License Number: 0425877
License Date: 2010-11-17
License Status: Amended
Spud Date: 2010-12-31
Final Drill Date: 2011-01-26
Well Total Depth: 3653.00 m
Surface Hole Latitude: 53.105532
Surface Hole Longitude: -115.698170

For data sources see[1][2]

Well History

Date Event
2010-11-17 Obtained License
2011-01-02 Surface Casing Operation Performed
2011-01-06 Direction Drilling Operation Performed - Horizontal
2011-01-13 Intermediate Casing Operation Performed
2011-01-26 Finished Drilling
2011-01-26 Well Log Performed
2011-01-26 Well Mode changed to Drilled and Cased
2011-01-27 Liner Casing Operation Performed
2011-01-27 Perforation Treatment Performed - Open-Hole Completion
2011-01-29 Rig Released
2011-02-16 Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
2011-02-17 Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
2011-02-18 Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
2011-02-19 Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
2011-02-20 Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
2011-02-21 Perforation Treatment Performed - Multi-Stage Fracture
2011-03-06 Well Began Production
2011-03-06 Well Fluid changed to Gas
2011-03-06 Well Mode changed to Flowing
2015-05-01 Well Fluid changed to Gas
2015-05-01 Well Mode changed to Pumping
2019-01-01 Well Fluid changed to Gas
2019-01-01 Well Mode changed to Suspended

For data sources see[3]

Directional Drilling

Start Date Depth (m) Reason
2011-01-06 2058.40 Horizontal

For data sources see[4]

Perforation Treatments

Perforation Date Perforation Type Interval Top (m) Interval Base (m) Number of Shots
2011-01-27 Open Hole/Barefoot Completion 3639.00 3653.00 0
2011-02-20 Multi-Stage Fracture 2939.00 2940.00 0
2011-02-21 Multi-Stage Fracture 2865.10 2866.10 0
2011-02-21 Multi-Stage Fracture 2779.40 2780.40 0
2011-02-21 Multi-Stage Fracture 2693.20 2694.20 0
2011-02-21 Multi-Stage Fracture 2617.80 2618.80 0
2011-02-21 Multi-Stage Fracture 2542.00 2543.00 0
2011-02-16 Multi-Stage Fracture 3600.90 3602.90 0
2011-02-17 Multi-Stage Fracture 3500.70 3501.70 0
2011-02-17 Multi-Stage Fracture 3427.10 3428.10 0
2011-02-18 Multi-Stage Fracture 3365.30 3366.30 0
2011-02-19 Multi-Stage Fracture 3291.20 3292.20 0
2011-02-20 Multi-Stage Fracture 3194.50 3195.50 0
2011-02-20 Multi-Stage Fracture 3098.00 3099.00 0
2011-02-20 Multi-Stage Fracture 3024.00 3025.00 0

For data sources see[5]


Production Data

Period Total Production Hours Gas Quantity (m3) Oil Quantity (m3) Water Quantity (m3)
2011 6988 0.0 0.0 0.0
2012 8783 0.0 0.0 0.0
2013 8735 0.0 0.0 0.0
2014 8086 0.0 0.0 0.0
2015 8418 0.0 0.0 0.0
2016 8496 0.0 0.0 0.0
2017 8687 0.0 0.0 0.0
2018 8447 0.0 0.0 0.0

For data sources see[6]

References

  1. ↑ "General Well Data File - Licensing Data". Alberta Energy Regulator. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-05-07. 
  2. ↑ "General Well Data File - Drilling Data". Alberta Energy Regulator. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-05-07. 
  3. ↑ "General Well Data File". Alberta Energy Regulator. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-04-29. 
  4. ↑ "General Well Data File - Tour-Direction Drilling Data". Alberta Energy Regulator. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-05-07. 
  5. ↑ "General Well Data File - Tour-Perforation/Treatment Data". Alberta Energy Regulator. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2020-05-07. 
  6. ↑ "Well Production Data - All Alberta". Alberta Energy Regulator. 2020-04-25. Retrieved 2020-05-07. 
Retrieved from "https://wellwiki-prod.cloud.arc.gwu.edu/index.php?title=0475123303000&oldid=14545446"