If you find this page useful and would like to be notified of changes made to this page, start by inputting your email below.
powered by ChangeDetection
m |
m |
||
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
+ | __TOC__ | ||
== Well Details == | == Well Details == | ||
{| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%" | {| class="wikitable welldetails" width="95%" | ||
| Well ID: 37-121-38821 | | Well ID: 37-121-38821 | ||
− | | style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan=" | + | | style="height=100%; align=center" rowspan="17" | {{#display_map: 41.336634, -79.774535 | width=100% | height=100% }} |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Country: United States | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | State: Pennsylvania | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | County: [[Venango_County,_Pennsylvania|Venango]] | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Municipality: [[Sandycreek Township,_Venango_County,_Pennsylvania|Sandycreek Township]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Operator Name: [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | | Operator Name: [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Well Pad ID: |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Farm/Lease Name: NETTLES 20 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | License Status: ACTIVE | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Spud Date: |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Permit Date: 1984-08-06 |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Well Type: OIL |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Unconventional Well: N |
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | Configuration: Vertical Well |
+ | |- | ||
+ | | Conservation: No | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Latitude: 41.336634 | | Latitude: 41.336634 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Longitude: -79.774535 | | Longitude: -79.774535 | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | For data sources see<ref>{{cite web | ||
+ | | title = Permits Issued Detail Report | ||
+ | |publisher = [[Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection]] | ||
+ | | date = 2019-05-20 | ||
+ | | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources | ||
+ | | accessdate = 2019-05-21 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | ||
+ | | title = Spud Data Report | ||
+ | |publisher = [[Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection]] | ||
+ | | date = 2019-04-30 | ||
+ | | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources | ||
+ | | accessdate = 2019-05-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | ||
+ | | title = Oil and Gas Well Pad Report | ||
+ | |publisher = [[Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection]] | ||
+ | | date = 2019-05-20 | ||
+ | | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources | ||
+ | | accessdate = 2019-05-21 }}</ref> | ||
+ | == Well History == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Date | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Event | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 1984-08-06 | ||
+ | | New Permit Application | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 1984-11-18 | ||
+ | | Performed Spud Operation | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 1984-11-19 | ||
+ | | Drilling Completion | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 1985-03-26 | ||
+ | | NEWLY DRILLED | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
− | + | For data sources see<ref>{{cite web | |
+ | | title = Compiled from multiple data sources - see Pennsylvania Oil and Gas Data Sources | ||
+ | | date = 2020-02-27 | ||
+ | | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources | ||
+ | | accessdate = 2020-02-27 }}</ref> | ||
+ | <!--== Fracking Activities == | ||
+ | ==== Fracking Jobs ==== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Job Number | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Job Start Date | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Job End Date | ||
+ | !scope="col" | True Vertical Depth (ft) | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Total Water Volume (gal) | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Total Non-Water Volume (gal) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |}--> | ||
+ | <!--==== Fluid Composition Data ==== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Job Number | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Trade Name | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Supplier | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Purpose | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Ingredient Name | ||
+ | !scope="col" | CAS Number | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Additive Percentage by Mass | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Job Percentage by Mass | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Mass Used (lb) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |}--> | ||
+ | |||
+ | <!--== Stimulation Data == | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Stimulation Date | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Phase Number | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Chemical Agent | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Volume (gal) | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Treating Pressure (psi) | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Breakdown Pressure (psi) | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |}--> | ||
+ | |||
== Production Data == | == Production Data == | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Period |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Operator Name |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Gas Quantity (mcf) |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Gas Production Days |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Oil Quantity (bbl) |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Oil Production Days |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Water Quantity (bbl) |
+ | !scope="col" | Water Production Days | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 1991 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | 0. | + | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 33.00 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 300 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 |
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | 1992 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 70.55 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 300 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 1993 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | 0. | + | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 1.13 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 300 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 |
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
+ | | 2004 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 20.43 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 330 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
− | | | + | | 2005 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | 0.0 | + | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | 0.0 | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | 0.0 | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | 0.0 | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 31.07 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 330 |
− | | style="text-align:right;" | | + | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 |
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2006 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 37.76 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 330 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2014 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 8.40 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 138 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2015 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 6.90 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 116 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2016 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0.00 | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 0 | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | For data sources see<ref>{{cite web | ||
+ | | title =Oil and Gas Production Reports | ||
+ | |publisher = [[Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection]] | ||
+ | | date = 2019-03-31 | ||
+ | | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources | ||
+ | | accessdate = 2019-05-21 }}</ref> | ||
== Waste Data == | == Waste Data == | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Period |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Operator |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Waste Type |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Quantity |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Disposal Method |
− | !scope="col" | WASTE | + | !scope="col" | Waste Facility ID |
− | + | |- | |
− | + | | 2014 | |
− | + | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | |
+ | | Produced Fluid | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 41.5 Bbl | ||
+ | | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES | ||
+ | | PA0222011 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2014 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | Produced Fluid | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 41.50 Bbl | ||
+ | | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES DISCHARGE | ||
+ | | PA0222011 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2015 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | Produced Fluid | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 32.40 Bbl | ||
+ | | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES DISCHARGE | ||
+ | | PA0222011 | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2015 | ||
+ | | [[TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC]] | ||
+ | | Produced Fluid | ||
+ | | style="text-align: right;" | 32.4 Bbl | ||
+ | | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES | ||
+ | | PA0222011 | ||
+ | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | For data sources see<ref>{{cite web | ||
+ | | title =Oil and Gas Waste Reports | ||
+ | |publisher = [[Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection]] | ||
+ | | date = 2019-03-31 | ||
+ | | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources | ||
+ | | accessdate = 2019-05-21 }}</ref> | ||
== Inspection Data == | == Inspection Data == | ||
+ | ==== Inspections Performed ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Inspection ID |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Inspection Category |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Inspection Date |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Inspection Type |
− | !scope="col" | | + | !scope="col" | Inspection Result |
+ | !scope="col" | Inspection Comments | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2702089 | ||
+ | | Primary Facility | ||
+ | | 2018-03-06 | ||
+ | | Routine/Partial Inspection | ||
+ | | No Violations Noted | ||
+ | | On site to identify well and coordinates for possible future plugging. No tubulars visible in well. Pump jack on site. N.41 20' 13.04". W.79 46' 29.14" | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2720744 | ||
+ | | Primary Facility | ||
+ | | 2018-04-20 | ||
+ | | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | ||
+ | | No Violations Noted | ||
+ | | Inspection shows service rig has been moved onto the well site. No tubulars in well. Anticipating setting cement plugs next week. Operator to file NOI. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2726577 | ||
+ | | Primary Facility | ||
+ | | 2018-05-04 | ||
+ | | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | ||
+ | | No Violations Noted | ||
+ | | Received plugging notification the morning of 5/1/18 per phone conversation with Jack Cochran. Cement plugs scheduled to be set on 5/2/28. Jack to file NOI. Inspection shows operations shut down with plugging equipment and empty cement bags on site. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2731676 | ||
+ | | Primary Facility | ||
+ | | 2018-05-18 | ||
+ | | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | ||
+ | | No Violations Noted | ||
+ | | Previous inspection on 5/4/18 shows bottom cement plug set. Inspection shows rig and cementing equipment has been removed from the location. Cement string remains on site. Well has not been top-holed. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2741954 | ||
+ | | Primary Facility | ||
+ | | 2018-06-15 | ||
+ | | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | ||
+ | | No Violations Noted | ||
+ | | Records show cement plugs previous set. Received phone message from Jack Cochran that rig had to be switched out. After tagging cement plug it was 35ft low. Inspection shows rig is being set up over well bore to add cement. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2747513 | ||
+ | | Primary Facility | ||
+ | | 2018-06-29 | ||
+ | | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | ||
+ | | No Violations Noted | ||
+ | | Previous reports show cement plugs being set. Cementing equipment has been removed. No pit on site. Verbal approval was given to cement. Operator to file NOI. | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | | 2773160 | ||
+ | | Primary Facility | ||
+ | | 2018-09-10 | ||
+ | | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | ||
+ | | No Violations Noted | ||
+ | | Previous reports show cement plugs set. Well has not been top- holed. Contractor has been scheduled to top hole well and complete site restoration. Operator to submit Certificate of Plugging. | ||
+ | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
+ | <!--==== Violations Commited ==== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Inspection ID | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Violation ID | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Violation Date | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Date Resolved | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Violation Code | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Violation Type | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Violation Comments | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |}--> | ||
+ | <!--==== Penalties Applied ==== | ||
+ | {| class="wikitable sortable" width="95%" | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Violation ID | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Penalty ID | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Penalty Code | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Penalty Status | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Penalty Date | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Enforcement Date | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Penalty Amount | ||
+ | !scope="col" | Amount Collected | ||
+ | |- | ||
+ | |}--> | ||
+ | For data sources see<ref>{{cite web | ||
+ | | title =Oil and Gas Compliance Report | ||
+ | |publisher = [[Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection]] | ||
+ | | date = 2019-05-20 | ||
+ | | url = http://wellwiki.org/wiki/Pennsylvania_Oil_and_Gas_Data_Sources | ||
+ | | accessdate = 2019-05-21 }}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
− | + | <references/> | |
− | |||
__NOEDITSECTION__ | __NOEDITSECTION__ | ||
− | [[Category:Wells]] | + | [[Category:Pennsylvania Wells]] |
Well ID: 37-121-38821 | Loading map...
{"type":"SATELLITE","minzoom":false,"maxzoom":false,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","width":"100%","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"wmsoverlay":false,"copycoords":false,"static":false,"zoom":14,"layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview","rotate"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"resizable":false,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"markercluster":false,"clustergridsize":60,"clustermaxzoom":20,"clusterzoomonclick":true,"clusteraveragecenter":true,"clusterminsize":2,"imageoverlays":[],"kml":[],"gkml":[],"searchmarkers":"","enablefullscreen":false,"scrollwheelzoom":false,"locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":"","lat":41.336634,"lon":-79.774535,"icon":""}]} |
Country: United States | |
State: Pennsylvania | |
County: Venango | |
Municipality: Sandycreek Township | |
Operator Name: TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | |
Well Pad ID: | |
Farm/Lease Name: NETTLES 20 | |
License Status: ACTIVE | |
Spud Date: | |
Permit Date: 1984-08-06 | |
Well Type: OIL | |
Unconventional Well: N | |
Configuration: Vertical Well | |
Conservation: No | |
Latitude: 41.336634 | |
Longitude: -79.774535 |
Date | Event |
---|---|
1984-08-06 | New Permit Application |
1984-11-18 | Performed Spud Operation |
1984-11-19 | Drilling Completion |
1985-03-26 | NEWLY DRILLED |
For data sources see[4]
Period | Operator Name | Gas Quantity (mcf) | Gas Production Days | Oil Quantity (bbl) | Oil Production Days | Water Quantity (bbl) | Water Production Days |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1991 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 33.00 | 300 | 0.00 | 0 |
1992 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 70.55 | 300 | 0.00 | 0 |
1993 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 1.13 | 300 | 0.00 | 0 |
2004 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 20.43 | 330 | 0.00 | 0 |
2005 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 31.07 | 330 | 0.00 | 0 |
2006 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 37.76 | 330 | 0.00 | 0 |
2014 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 8.40 | 138 | 0.00 | 0 |
2015 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 6.90 | 116 | 0.00 | 0 |
2016 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 |
For data sources see[5]
Period | Operator | Waste Type | Quantity | Disposal Method | Waste Facility ID |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2014 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | Produced Fluid | 41.5 Bbl | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES | PA0222011 |
2014 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | Produced Fluid | 41.50 Bbl | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES DISCHARGE | PA0222011 |
2015 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | Produced Fluid | 32.40 Bbl | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES DISCHARGE | PA0222011 |
2015 | TIMBERLINE ENERGY INC | Produced Fluid | 32.4 Bbl | CENT WASTE TRT FAC NPDES | PA0222011 |
For data sources see[6]
Inspection ID | Inspection Category | Inspection Date | Inspection Type | Inspection Result | Inspection Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2702089 | Primary Facility | 2018-03-06 | Routine/Partial Inspection | No Violations Noted | On site to identify well and coordinates for possible future plugging. No tubulars visible in well. Pump jack on site. N.41 20' 13.04". W.79 46' 29.14" |
2720744 | Primary Facility | 2018-04-20 | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | No Violations Noted | Inspection shows service rig has been moved onto the well site. No tubulars in well. Anticipating setting cement plugs next week. Operator to file NOI. |
2726577 | Primary Facility | 2018-05-04 | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | No Violations Noted | Received plugging notification the morning of 5/1/18 per phone conversation with Jack Cochran. Cement plugs scheduled to be set on 5/2/28. Jack to file NOI. Inspection shows operations shut down with plugging equipment and empty cement bags on site. |
2731676 | Primary Facility | 2018-05-18 | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | No Violations Noted | Previous inspection on 5/4/18 shows bottom cement plug set. Inspection shows rig and cementing equipment has been removed from the location. Cement string remains on site. Well has not been top-holed. |
2741954 | Primary Facility | 2018-06-15 | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | No Violations Noted | Records show cement plugs previous set. Received phone message from Jack Cochran that rig had to be switched out. After tagging cement plug it was 35ft low. Inspection shows rig is being set up over well bore to add cement. |
2747513 | Primary Facility | 2018-06-29 | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | No Violations Noted | Previous reports show cement plugs being set. Cementing equipment has been removed. No pit on site. Verbal approval was given to cement. Operator to file NOI. |
2773160 | Primary Facility | 2018-09-10 | Plugging(Includes Plugged/Mined Through) | No Violations Noted | Previous reports show cement plugs set. Well has not been top- holed. Contractor has been scheduled to top hole well and complete site restoration. Operator to submit Certificate of Plugging. |
For data sources see[7]